english grammar summary rati pramita

let's learning English by YM chat...

2011-09-05T02:30:00.001-07:00

Dear guys and gals....

Studying English is much more effective through conversation. You can learn both grammar and vocabularies. Here I invite you who want to learn English, long distance method, using YM chat. There are a lot more benefits you can gain; making more friends, enrich knowledge, share information. Those who are interested may contact me by email rira_pu@yahoo.com. At the beginning you chat with me for introduction and private lesson. yuhuuu......;)

Haloo teman teman...

Belajar B. Inggris jauh lebih efektif melalui percakapan. Kamu bisa belajar grammar juga sekaligus vocab. Aku mengajak kalian yang mau belajar B. Inggris, jarak jauh, via YM. Banyak manfaat lainnya yang bisa didapat; teman baru, memperkaya ilmu pengetahuan, membagi informasi. Kamu kamu yang tertarik bisa hubungi aku di rira_pu@yahoo.com. Di awal kamu chat dengan aku untuk perkenalan dan private lesson. yuhuuu....;)

daily conversation (cont'd)

2011-01-13T21:06:00.000-08:00

burung_be0: fotonya baru tuh...;))
rira_pu: jelas nggak?
burung_be0: nggak
rira_pu: =)) ya sudah lah
burung_be0: =))
rira_pu: ngobrol yukk dikit pake b.ing
rira_pu: dikit aja
burung_be0: to the whole conversation no problem as well :D
rira_pu: heheheh act such a bule wannabe =))
burung_be0: bule wanabut,,,not wannabe =))
rira_pu: wannabut is you, I am wannababe ;;)
burung_be0: wana babu...? :-O >:/ come,,, be my babu =))
rira_pu: babu = baby but but... no need to invite, I'll come straightly... ;;)
burung_be0: a labil trick...=))
rira_pu: :| not labil, i juz say wanna come, not licking nor kissing... :-p
burung_be0: :D
rira_pu: badly response >:p
burung_be0: what are you expecting for my respon?
rira_pu: say something on words, not only showing fabolous teeth :d then i can feedback ;)
burung_be0: I am going to go for presentation in british council after lunch,,, 8-> wih you were here. I am not so happy doing this
rira_pu: really?? it's gonna be so much fun, presenting something in english with ur material on hand cud show the great u. i love doing this...
burung_be0: You like that,,but I don't
rira_pu: wish I cud hug u hohohohoho
burung_be0: hug...;)) it's dangerous,,,from hug can be to fug =))
rira_pu: 8-> ure totally right, hugging's not dangerous but u face me, vise versa, that's dangerous... :d
burung_be0: face to face not as dangerous as face to breast =))
rira_pu: face to breast is categorized to dangerous mid-final level, face to bird is the final one =))
burung_be0: that is semifinal, friend,,,at grand final a bird will not see any fac,, it will see nothing,, so dark =))
rira_pu: haa u know it, I dont know... :d how can i post our talks on my blog,,, it's out of lesson context =))
burung_be0: thisi is interesting,,, your blog will got many clicks soon, instead =))
rira_pu: i'll post =))
burung_be0: ;)) your blog will be for any age
burung_be0: iya,,bntr lg
burung_be0: mau shoalt ya,,bhs inggrinsya apa ya
rira_pu: it's still so so actually, coz there's no chat sex inside... no worry.. :d
burung_be0: I am about to go for praying
burung_be0: friday paraying
rira_pu: okay
rira_pu: thanks dear..
rira_pu: ;;)
burung_be0: no problem
burung_be0: oh ya,,, kmu tahu penggunaan no problem barusan untk menjawab thank you?
rira_pu: tau
rira_pu: bisa anytime
burung_be0: tahu nggak,,,, aku blh sering dengar bule2 itu mengucapkan no problem,,drpd ucapan lainnya,,,
rira_pu: oh yaa
rira_pu: bagus infonya
burung_be0: iyaaaa.... kyknya no problem itu lbh nyantai,,lebh akrab,,untk sesama teman,,kalau u'r welcome malah aku jarang dengar...=)) kalau dengar apsti urusan bisnis atau dinas
rira_pu: oooo begitu, serin sering aja kita ngorol kaya gini, yg sebelumnya udah aku post juga tuh
rira_pu: jadi nemuin kata kata yg santai dan sering digunaan
rira_pu: ga formal gitu
rira_pu: aku kan jarang ngobrol sama bule jd ga tau banyak
burung_be0: makanya kalau nonton film bule,,,tontonlah yng bnyk bicaranya,,,jangan nonton yng cuma ahhh,,,uhhh,, aja =))
rira_pu: iiehhhh jangan buka kartu donk,kan yang itu yg enak di tonton :">
burung_be0: nonton aja enak,,,apalagi maen film sndiri =))
rira_pu: ;;) iyaaaaa
burung_be0: ya udh,,, brngkt dulu [-o< :-h
rira_pu: :-h
rira_pu: bye

daily conversation

2011-01-13T18:31:00.000-08:00

Pengantar:

Kita sedang duduk bersama teman2,,,tiba2 ballpoint kita terjatuh dilantai, kita ingin minta bantuan teman terdekat untuk mengambilkan ballpoint itu. Dlm bhasa inggris kita cukup ucapkan

" DON'T YOU MIND"

sambil kita memberi isyarat ke teman kita dan menunjuk ke ballpoint di lantai itu,,

"DON'T YOU MIND" Arti bebasnya kira2 "Tolong dong" - ini karena kita sedang duduk2 dngn teman2,,jd tdk perlu terlalu sopan

by Noldi

Conversation (cont'd)

2010-12-21T00:54:00.000-08:00

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:49:57): Ngobrol yuk sdikit pake b.inggris

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:50:15): why? - kenapa

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:50:48): Coz i'd like to post it in my blog - mau gue post di blog

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:50:56): Deal? - Okay?

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:51:23): i'll try - gue coba deh

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:51:31): Yuhuu

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:51:44): Table a topic - ambil topic

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:52:02): Juz make it short - buat yang singkat aja

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:52:24): mmmm

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:53:49): Your xmas plan - rencana lo buat natal

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:53:53): How? - Gimana?

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:54:17): I need money - gue butuh uang

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:54:33): What for? - Buat??

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:54:52): R u going somewhere? - Mau pergi?

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:55:05): yes

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:55:48): I wanna see Indonesian football, AFF final in GBK - pengen liat sepakbola indonesia, final AFF di GKB

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:56:06): Geezzz

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:56:08): wanna buy a ticket - pengen beli tiket

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:56:20): its so expensive - mahal banget

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:56:37): How much? - Berapa?

Denish-a (20/12/2010 12:57:19): 300, transport included - 300 sama transport

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:58:35): Owowow, ask your mama, as a xmas present - minta mama buat kado natal

rira_pu (20/12/2010 12:59:03): Or use your saving - atau pake uang tabungan

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:02:21): I did, but I’ve used to buy some chlotes - udqh, tapi udah dipake buat beli baju

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:05:12): Waaa... that's your choice. U prefer having new clothes rather than see the gorgeous irfan bachdin - waa… pilihan lo. Lo lebih pilih punya baju baru daripada liat si ganteng irfan bachdin

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:07:16): no planned berfore - nggak ada rencana tadinya

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:08:34): my friends ask me to wacht it - temen gue ngajak nonton

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:09:10): Then… she’s suppose to pay for you - terus… dia harusnya traktir lo

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:09:36): no

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:10:14): I really wanna see the game - gue pengen banget nonton

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:10:43): i wanna go there with my friends - gue pengen pergi sama temen temen

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:11:15): i think we’re gonna be so happy - kayaknya kita bakal seneng banget

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:11:47): Yea it's gonna be so much fun - yaa, bakal menyenangkan

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:12:29): U still have few days to go, there must be something u can do - lo masih punya beberapa hari, pasti ada yang bisa dilakuin

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:12:55): Sell your stuff - jual barang lo

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:13:14): Or borrow money - atau pinjam uang

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:13:30): i want to borrow - gue mau pinjem

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:13:49): To whom? - Ke siapa?

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:14:04): I don't know - nggak tau

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:14:47): hahahha

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:15:08): Hmm

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:25:34): have u got lunch? - Udah makan siang?

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:27:14): Not yet - belum

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:27:23): I'm not hungry - nggak laper

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:27:40): hmm

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:45:25): What u got for lunch? - Makan apa?

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:45:48): rice - nasi

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:46:02): LOL (laughing out loudly – ngakak)

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:46:10): LOL

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:46:14): Dodol

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:46:33): not dodol bur rice - bukan dodol tapi nasi

Denish-a (20/12/2010 13:46:35): LOL

rira_pu (20/12/2010 13:47:46): whatever - terserah

conversation

2010-12-21T00:15:00.001-08:00

Teman semua, mungkin kalo basic grammar udah di post di awal yahh... itu pegangan buat pelajaran sekolah yang memang baku grammar. Buat those of you (kamu kamu) yang mau belajar conversation english (percakapan) bisa dimulai dengan short conversation yang biasa dipake sehari hari.

Percakapan mama sama anaknya pagi pagi...

mama: wake up!! you're gonna be late.
son: hoaammm.... it's postponed to 1 pm (the class)
mama: really?? don't try to fool me.
son: I don't, mama... why don't u trust your own son?
mama: could you give me your school number? I just wanna make sure.
son: u should've had.

translation

mama: bangun!! nanti lo telat.
son: hoaammm... kelasnya ditunda jadi jam 1
mama: masa?? jangan bohong deh
son nggak mah... kenapa nggak percaya anak sendiri sih?
mama: mana no telp sekolah? cuma pengen mastiin.
son: harusnya mama udah punya.

ketemu temen di jalan

jono: hi
jini: good morning (met pagi)
jono: how are you? (apa kabar?)
jini: good and you? (baik,,, kamu?)
jono: i'm good too (gue baik juga)
jini: see you (sampe ketemu)
jono: bye (dahh)

basic grammar

2010-12-14T00:32:00.001-08:00

Hi hi………

Aku mau berbagi nih catatan B. Inggris aku sejak pertama dan sekali sekalinya les grammar selama setahun kira kira sekitar 13 th yg lalu. Singkat sih, dan dasar banget tapi kata temen aku kita emang cuma perlu belajar yang dasar aja, setelah itu elaborate sendiri. Ini catatan yg jadi pegangan sampe aku lulus kuliah, berguna dan mudah dimengerti hehe… semoga berguna……. ;D

Oh yaa… kalau mau ngelancarin pronounce (lafal biar lidahnya nggak keseleo trus bisa dikit2 kaya bule) dan memperkaya vocab, sering2 denger lagu B. Inggris yang easy listening sambil dinyanyiin, kaya lagu2 westlife jaman dulu. ;D

Oh yaa lagi… hehe aku suka gambar dan nulis, kalau sempat visit my blog yah. Here’s the address http://seni-gambar-cerita-ratipramita.blogspot.com dan http://cerita-pendek-ratipramita.blogspot.com

Subject

Subject as :

Object

Pronoun

Adject.

To be present

To be past

Perfect Tense

mine

was

have

You

you

yours

our

are

were

have

ours

our

are

were

have

They

them

theirs

their

are

were

have

him

his

was

has

She

her

hers

her

was

has

its

was

has

* pronoun digunakan untuk menyebut kepemilikan tanpa diikuti benda. Contoh: this is mine (ini milikku)

A. Present Tense
A.1 Simple Present Tense (saat ini/kebiasaan)
• Kata bantu untuk subject category “A” adalah “do” ( digunakan pada kalimat negative (-) dan interogative (?) )
• Kata bantu untuk subject category “B” adalah “does” ( digunakan pada kalimat negative (-) dan interogative (?) )
• Kalimat positive pada kategory “B”, selalu ditambah s/es setelah verb (kata kerja)

Example:
A : (+) I work fulltime during weekdays
(-) I do not work fulltime during weekdays
(?) Do you work fulltime during weekdays?

B : (+) He works fulltime during weekdays
(-) He does not work fulltime during weekdays
(?) Does he work fulltime during weekdays?

A.2 Simple Present Continuous Tense ( sedang terjadi)
• Verb pada Simple Present Continuous Tense selalu ditambah –ing
• To be digunakan setelah subject, to be bisa dilihat di table pada kolom “to be present”

Example:
A : (+) You are watching TV
(-) You are not watching TV
(?) Are you watching TV?

B : {+) She is watching TV
(-) She is not watching TV
(?) Is she watching TV?

C : {+) I am watching TV
(-) I am not watching TV
(?) Am I watching TV?

A.3 Present Perfect Tense (sudah selesai dilakukan)
• Kata bantu yang digunakan lihat di tabel kolom “perfect tense”
• Pada present tense jenis ini, gunakan verb-3
• Pola dasar kalimatnya sendiri “subject+kata bantu+verb3”

Example:
(+) She has gone to school
(-) She has not gone to school
(?) Has she gone to school?

A.4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense (sudah terjadi dan masih berlangsung)
• Kata bantu yang digunakan lehat di tabel kolom “perfect tense”
• Ditambah “been” setelah kata bantu have/has
• Tambahkan –ing setelah verb

Example:
(+) We have been waiting here for two hours
(-) We have not been waiting here for two hours
(?) Have we been waiting here for two hours?

B. Past Tense
B.1 Simple Past Tense (lampau)
• Kalimat posotive dalam simple past tense menggunakan verb-2
• Ada verb yang beraturan, ada yang tidak (verb yang tidak beraturan bisa dilihat di kamus kamus B. Inggris atau biasanya tersedia di toko buku, atau yang lebih mudah bisa browsing di internet.
• Verb yang beraturan hanya perlu ditambah”-ed” pada bentuk lampau (Verb-2 dan verb-3)

Example:
Verb beraturan: (+) I worked all days last week
(-) I did not work all days last week
(?) Did you work all days last week?

Verb tidak beraturan: (+) They saw me last night
(-) They did not see me last night
(?) Did they see me last night?

B.2 Past Continuous Tense ( lampau dan sedang berlangsung saat itu)
• Verb pada Past Continuous Tense selalu ditambah –ing
• To be digunakan setelah subject, to be bisa dilihat di table pada kolom “to be past”

Example:
{+) I was reading
(-) I was not reading
(?) Were you reading?

B.3 Past Perfect Tense (lampau dan sudah selesai dilakukan)
• Kata bantu yang digunakan adalah “had” pada semua subjects
• Pada present tense jenis ini, gunakan verb-3
• Pola dasar kalimatnya sendiri “subject+kata bantu+verb3”

Example:
(+) She had come when I was there
(-)She had not come when I was there
(?) Had she come when I was there?

B.4 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• Kata bantu yang digunakan adalah “had” pada semua subjects
• Ditambah “been” setelah kata bantu have/has
• Tambahkan –ing setelah verb

Example:
(+) She had been waiting when you came
(-) She had not been waiting when you came
(?) Had she been waiting when you came?

C. Future Tense
C.1 Future Tense (akan terjadi)
• Tambahkan “will” setelah subject

Example:
(+) I will go
(-) I will not go
(?) will you go?

Untuk hal yang pasti akan dilakukan bisa gunakan to be going to atau disingkat to be gonna
(+) I am going to go
(-) I am not going to go
(?) Are you going to go?

C.2 Future Continuous Tense ( akan sedang berlangsung)
• Verb pada Future Continuous Tense selalu ditambah –ing
• Tambahkan “will” setelah subject Tambahkan “will + be” setelah subject

Example:
{+) She will be missing you
(-) She will not be missing you
(?) Will she be missing you?

C.3 Future Perfect Tense
• Tambahkan “will + have” setelah subject
• Pada present tense jenis ini, gunakan verb-3
• Pola dasar kalimatnya sendiri “subject+will+have+verb3”

Example:
(+) He will have finished it tomorrow
(-) He will not have finished it tomorrow
(?) Will he have finished it tomorrow?

C.4 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
• Kata bantu yang digunakan adalah “will+have” pada semua subjects
• Ditambah “been” setelah kata bantu have
• Tambahkan –ing setelah verb

Example:
(+) I will have been studying when you come
(-) I will not have been studying when you come
(?) Will you have been studying when I come?

Question Tag (penegasan …….., kan?)

• Kalimat ditegaskan dengan tense yang berlawana.

Example:
=> You do not write it, do you? (kamu nggak nulis kan??)
=> She works hard, doesn’t she? (dia kerja keras kan??)
=> I am not reading, am I?
Pengecualian -> I am doing my job, aren’t I? (to be di ganti dengan are untuk subject I dalam kalimat positive dan ditegaskan dengan kalimat negative)

Adj Clause

• That -> kata sambung untuk semua
• Who -> kata sambung untuk subject
• Whom -> kata sambung untuk object
• Whose -> kata sambung untuk kepemilikan
• Which -> kata sambung untuk benda

Example:
 I saw the man, he bought a newspaper => I saw the man who bought a newspaper
 I like the woman, I met her last night => I like the woman whom I met last night
 I apologize to the woman, I spilled her coffee => I aplogize to the woman whose coffee I spilled
 The book is good, I have read it => The book which I have read is good

Direct and Indirect Speech (kalimat langsung dan tak langsung)

 Untuk direct – indirect speech, aku agak bingung ngejelasinnya. Jadi yukk.. kita lihat contoh aja langsung…
 Kuncinya, tenses direct yang diubah ke indirect speech naik satu tingkat (present jadi past, past jadi past perfect  dalam indirect tidak berlaku perfect tense)

Example:
 D : “I buy a book” she said
I : She said that she bought a book
 D : “I bought a book yesterday” she said
I : She said she had bought a book the day before
 D : “I have bought a book” she said
I : She said she had bought a book

 D : “Please buy a book” she said
I : She told me to buy a book
 D : Don’t buy a book!” she said
I : She told me to buy a book

 D : “Do you buy a book?” she asked
I : She asked if/whether I bought a book
 D : “What book did you buy?” she asked
I : She wanted to know what book I had bought

Conditional IF (pengandaian)

A. Type I
Kepastian/bisa jadi nyata (menggunakan present tense)

e.g
If I have time, I’ll go to your party

B. Type II
Tidak mungkin terjadi saat itu (menggunakan tense lampau)

- If + (past tense), subject + would/could + verb
- Subject + would/could + verb, If + (past tense)

e.g
If I had the qualification, I would appy for the job
The fact that I don’t have the qualification so it is useless fo me to apply for the job

If I were a president, I would use my prerogative to against RUU pornography ……….. hehe :D *kidding
The fact that I am not a president so I have no that kinda right
NB : tidak dikenal “was”, selalu gunakan “were” untuk semua subjects.

Active and Passive voice

Perubahan kalimat active dan passive berpengaruh pada perubahan fungsi object dan subject serta penggunaan –to be- yang berpengaruh pada kata kerja. Perubahan tersebut tidak merubah bentuk tense dari kalimat awal (e.g lampau tetap lampau). Kalimat passive selalu mengguakan verb 3.

Contoh:

A: Diana buys the white shoes

P: The white shoes are bought by Diana

A: Daddy is repairing my computer

P: my computer is being repaired by Daddy

(penggunaan being untuk continuous tense - sedang terjadi)

A: John did my homework

P: my homework was done by John

(penggunaan -to be- lampau ”was” karna kalimat active dalam bentuk lampau past tense)

A: Ann will paint my house

P: My house will be painted by Ann

A: Mom has washed the plates

P: The plates have been washed by Mom